How Cell Phones Work Essay Essay Example

How Cell Phones Work Essay Essay Cell phones are really interesting! Have you of all time wondered how a cell phone plants? Well we have. Cell phones have changed a batch since 1984. The first cell phone that came out was called the Dyna TAC8000X. ( top left ) It weighed 2 lbs! The brick merely offered a 30 minutes of talk clip for every charge. You could acquire this astonishing device for $ 3. 994! The adult male who invented this phone is Ruby Knopp. ( top left ) He besides invented the newer modern Motorola Razor. ( top center ) Some of the new cell phones provide an unbelievable sum of maps. like: shop contact information. do undertakings or to-do lists. maintain path of assignments and set reminders. utilize the constitutional reckoner for simple math. send and receive electronic mails. cyberspace. play games. ticker Television. send and receive text messages. incorporate other devices such as PDA’s. MP3 participants. and GPS receiving systems. One of the most interesting things about a cell phone is th at it is really a wireless. an highly sophisticated wireless. The adult male who invented the telephone was Alexander Graham Bell ( top right ) in 1876. Wireless communicating can follow its roots to the innovation of the wireless by Nikolai Telsa in the 1880s. We will write a custom essay sample on How Cell Phones Work Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on How Cell Phones Work Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on How Cell Phones Work Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer When these two great engineerings are combined it made the cell phone. Peoples who needed mobile-communication devices had wireless telephones in their autos. In the radio-telephone systems. there was one cardinal aerial tower per metropolis. and possibly 25 channels available on the tower. In your auto you needed a powerful sender. Not everyone could hold a wireless telephone because there were merely 25 channels available per metropolis. Each cell phone has a cellular system. A cellular system is a division of a metropolis into little cells. Each cell has a base station that consists of a tower and a little edifice incorporating the wireless equipment this allows widespread frequence reuse across a metropolis. so that 1000000s of people can utilize cell phones all at one time. Each cell is typically sized at and screens about a 10 square stat mis radius. There is a demand to hold big figure of base Stationss in a metropolis of any size to do cell phone usage map handily. A typical metropolis can hold 100s of towers placed in certain parts to cover most of the countries wholly. Cardinal offices called the Mobile Telephone Switching Office ( MTSO ) handles all of the phone connexions to the normal-based phone system. and controls all of the base Stationss in the part. Each bearer in each metropolis runs a MTSO. All call phones have codifications related to them. The codifications are used to place the phones proprietor. phone. and the service supplier that they use. When a individual foremost turns on their phone it listens for a System Identification Code ( SID ) on the control panel. A SID is a alone 5-digit figure that is assigned to each bearer by the FCC. This is a alone frequence that the phone is based on. When you receive or do a call foremost. your cell phone radios the nearest tower. Next. a wire or fiber ocular line carries the call down to the wireless entree point connected to a multi-port switch. Then the call ( along with many others ) g ets routed to a back draw – normally down to an belowground wire T1 or T3 line. but sometimes back up the mast to a powerful line-of-sight radio microwave aerial ( typically merely used either when there isn’t a land connexion. or when the land connexion is poor. ) The incoming call or information comes back from the dorsum draw and up through the switch to the aerial. where it so hits your phone. If you are traveling. so there is a manus off – a new but more or less indistinguishable cell site transmits the informations to your phone. one time your phone cheque in. The benefits of holding a cell phone is you can hold long distance phone calls anyplace you are every bit long as you are in rang of a tower. Cell phones are great for exigencies. They have 911 panic buttons and GPS locations to happen person that is losing and has a GPS locater on their cell phone. Besides if your in a terror and cant acquire your phone to type 911. most phones have a 911 panic button and it will name for aid. For concern people. the advantages are eternal because cell phones have cyberspace. Besides being able to reach associates and clients is of import in all state of affairss. Important issues can be solved at anytime. regardless of clip zones and locations. Besides cell phones can be used as legal grounds criterions. Cell phones and their records have been used in tribunal suites as grounds. and are besides used be jurisprudence enforcement officers and research workers for entering and grounds. The disadvantages of holding a cell phone is they cost a batch. They can run from $ 40 to over $ 300. You can besides hold extra costs for apps. music. games. and many more things. The lone manner of acquiring out of your cell phone program is to pay a expiration fee of A ; 150 or more. Cell phones can be large distractions. They can pealing during a film. music concerts. dramas and other countries where silence is required. Besides during driving. because cell phone usage while driving has caused so many accidents that five provinces had banned calls while driving and 12 provinces had prohibited text messaging while driving. 21 States had prohibited any usage of cell phones while driving ( except for exigencies ) including Washington province. Cell phones can besides hold deficiency of privateness because cell phones provide no audio feedback through the ear piece. Some people talk much louder with cell phones so they do on land lines. This exposes the people around them to their conversations. Cell phones emit low degrees of RF ( radio frequence ) radiation. Large sums of this energy can heat and damage tissue. particularly around the eyes and testiss. which do non hold plenty blood flow to transport away such heat. This is besides concern that cell phones might do malignant neoplastic disease. concerns. kiping jobs. and memory loss. Brian. Marshall. â€Å"How Cell Phones Work. † HowStuffWorks – Learn How Everything Works! 2011. Web. 27 Jan. 2011. lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www. howstuffworks. com/cell-phone. htm gt ; . â€Å"Cell Phone and Wireless Service Planing Guide. † Cell Phone and Wireless Service Plan Buying Guide. 2010. Web. 27 Jan. 2011. lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //wirelessguide. org/basics/benefits. php gt ; . â€Å"Disadvantages of Cell Phones. † EHow | How To Make Merely About Everything! | How To Videos A ; Articles. 14 Apr. 2010. Web. 27 Jan. 2011. lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www. ehow. com/about_5050396_disadvantages-cell-phones. hypertext markup language gt ; . â€Å"How Cell Phones Work. † Cell Phones. 2008. Web. 27 Jan. 2011. lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //cellphones. org/how-cell-phone-works. hypertext markup language gt ; .

Occupational stress and work-life balance in the public sector in Saudi Arabia The WritePass Journal

Occupational stress and work-life balance in the public sector in Saudi Arabia Introduction Occupational stress and work-life balance in the public sector in Saudi Arabia ). This research found that culture and religion, health insurance and transportation are considered unique factors to the female employees in Saudi Arabia. The women who worked in the education sector all recognized their work as being culturally acceptable. Part of this sector necessarily includes academic employees, however education generally refers to primary, secondary and tertiary education institutions, whereas the current study proposes examine the academic field as a whole rather than isolating this to traditional forms of academics in the form of teaching. In contrast, women who worked in the medical field stated they did not always feel comfortable because they do work in the same space as male colleagues. Arguably, when one moves towards more advanced levels of academic employ, this lack of comfort becomes more pronounced as the employment moves away from being matriarchal (lower levels of education dealing with children and adolescents have been noted to respond better to females).   In Saudi Arabia, many in these fields do not have health insurance whereas most of them suffer from the issue of transportation. In terms of family and personal lives, Saudi women workers do not consider childcare centers as important as entrusting their maids or nannies with their children and therefore, most Saudi women workers bring maids to care for their children whilst they are at work. In addition, some Saudi women are not satisfied with their work hours especially when work hours surpass lunch hours or work occurs at night. Finally, Saudi women workers can find help at home either from husband, mother or maid and this may reduce work family conflict that Saudi working women face. Based on the findings of these previously conducted research papers, it is evident that this is a relevant gap in the current knowledge on occupational stress. The proposed research aims to further the current field of knowledge by conducting a specific inquiry into these factors as they relate to academic employment. If one considers the importance of education as a foundational pillar of society and development, adopting appropriate organizational behavior to mitigate organizational stress and therefore improve academic outcomes is an important and relevant study for sociological and corporate purposes. This research therefore aims to use the underlying theoretical considerations of organizational stress and the difficulties of establishing and maintaining a work-life balance to study the effects of the unique Saudi experience on female academic employees in the public sector. To current knowledge, there have been no similar studies undertaken in this field and therefore the gap in knowledge is evident. By understanding the unique factors of this situation, helpful recommendations for the adjustment of organizational behavior of academic institutions can be made to mitigate these stresses and improve overall organizational efficiency. Research Design Methodology The methodology proposed for the research is qualitative in nature, where the researcher aims to gain an understanding of the human behavior and the reasons that govern this behavior. The hypothesis of this research will be founded in academic literature sourced from a variety of secondary sources and thereafter supported by empirical evidence in the form of interviews conducted with relevant study participants. Thereafter this qualitative data will be analyzed in order to conclude recommendations and findings as to the nature of occupational stress and the work-life balance in the public sector for female academic employees. Proposed Structure The current research proposal has given a broad overview of the issues to be covered in the research, which will be conducted according to the following proposed structure: Chapter 1: Introduction to the Study 1.1 Saudi Arabia Context 1.2 Religion and culture 1.3 Work by gender Chapter 2: Methodology Chapter 3: Considerations of Occupational Stress 3.1 Introduction to the study of occupational stress. 3.2 Stresses and strains experienced by academic employees: A literature review 3.3 A empirical study of stresses and strains experienced by academic employees Chapter 4: Considerations of Work-Life Conflict 4.1 Work-Family Conflict 4.2 Hours of Work 4.3 Females Concentrated in Narrow Fields 4.4 Work-Life Balance 4.5 The Importance of Work-life Balance for Women 4.6 Organizational Response to Work-life Issues Chapter 5: Female Academic Employment in the Public Sector in Saudi Arabia 5.1 The nature, predictors and outcomes of work-life conflict in academic employees in the public sector Chapter 6: Discussion Chapter 7: Conclusion and Recommendations Conclusion Modern challenges to traditional ideas of organizational structure, behavior and culture have an important place in modern academic literature. Through understanding the particular circumstances in a geographical region such as Saudi Arabia, as well as the challenges facing these employees, one can begin to develop a conceptual framework for streamlining organizational objectives and maximizing the performance of these employees. The current research therefore proposes to undertake a study which examines these factors through understanding of the relevant theoretical considerations, as well as the factors particular to this sector and geographical region. References Al-Dehailan, Salman Saleh  (2007)  The participation of women in Saudi Arabias economy: Obstacles and prospects.Doctoral thesis, Durham University Alqahtani, S. (2006) The Education in Saudi Arabia critical view (1ed.). Riyadh, KSA. Bahkali, W. (2012) The Issues of Work Life Balance for Saudi Women Workers: A dissertation. Masters Thesis, University of Waikato Gurney, Sarah  (2010)  Gender, work-life balance and health amongst women and men in administrative, manual and technical  jobs inhttp://theses.gla.ac.uk/1641/  a single organisation: a qualitative study.  PhD  thesis,  University of Glasgow. Henry, O. Evans, A. (2008) Occupational Stress in Organizations and Its Effects on Organizational Performance. Journal of Management Research, 8(3). Lakshmipriya, Neena, S. (2008) Work Life Balance of Women Employees. [online] Available on: indianmba.com/Occasional_Papers/OP183/op183.html [Accessed 8 November 2012] Lowe, G. (2006) Under Pressure: Implications of Work-Life Balance and Job Stress, Human Solutions TM Report. [online] Available on: grahamlowe.ca/documents/182/Under%20Pressure%2010-06.pdf [Accessed 8 November 2012] Strauss, E. (2007) The Glass Ceiling: Women and Barriers in the Workplace. [online] Available on: associatedcontent.com/article/224822/the_glass_ceiling_women_and_ barriers_pg2.html?cat=3 [Accessed 8 November 2012] Travers, C. (2001) ‘Stress in teaching: past, present and future’ In Dunham, J. (Ed) Stress in workplace: past. Present and future.   London: Whurr Publishers Tytherleigh, M., Webba, C., Cooper, C. Ricketts, A. (2007) Occupational stress in UK higher education institutions: a comparative study of all staff categories. Higher Education Research Development, 24(1), pp. 41 – 61 Valcour, P. Batt, R. (2003) Worf-Life Integration: Challenges and Organisational Responses. Human Resource Studies, Faculty Publication, 1(1) Yamani, M. (1996) ‘Some Observations on women in Saudi Arabia.’ In M. Yamani (ed) Feminism and Islam: Legal and Literary Perspectives. New York: New York University Press.

William Wordsworth Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

William Wordsworth - Essay Example It was his mother that taught him how to read. Unfortunately, his mother died in 1778, and William and his sister were sent to live with relatives in Yorkshire; it was during this time that William was introduced to real education, though he could thank his parents for the knowledge that he had gained up until that time. It was in 1787 when William made his debut as a writer, having had a sonnet published in The European Magazine (Johnston, 2001). Within that year, he also enrolled at St. John’s College, Cambridge, where he studied until he earned his B.A. After school, he spent much of his time on walking tours and various holidays. In 1791, William met and fell in love with Annette Vallon, who gave birth to their first child, Caroline, in 1792. It was in 1802 when William married a childhood friend, Mary Hutchinson. They had five children together - two girls and three boys. In 1793, William had his poetry published for the first time in the collections An Evening Walk and Descriptive Sketches. He received money in 1795 from his friend, Raisley Calvert, to encourage him to keep writing poetry. In the same year, William met Samuel Taylor Coleridge, another poet, and they immediately became close. They admired each other’s work and decided to be influenced by one another. In 1797, William and his sister moved to Somerset, not too far from where Coleridge lived. With the help of William’s sister, William and Samuel wrote Lyrical Ballads, one of the most important pieces of work in the English Romantic movement. Even though William nor Samuel was listed as the book’s author, William published one of his most famous poems, â€Å"Tintern Abbey†, in the volume, as well as Samuel’s â€Å"The Rime of the Ancient Mariner.† The second volume was published in 1800 and had William listed as the sole author. This volume focused on Romantic literary theory, and William discussed what he felt were the elements of new